# 7. Photography/Graphics & Video (digital)
1. Video monitors (computer screens) are dimensioned in **pixels** and printers print on paper that is dimensioned in **inches**. That is why the **dpi (dots per inch)** specification of an image means nothing to a web browser displaying an image, but it determines the resolution and size that an image will print.
* [This site](https://www.scantips.com/lights/pixels.html%C2%A0) goes pretty deep and is very "techy" ... but it will greatly help you understand what is going on with digital images. At very least, you should read a little of it. If it interests you, read it more methodically.
2. **How is a pixel in a digital photo just like the bit depth of a single sample in a digital audio file**
3. Discuss why optical zoom is better than digital zoom.
4. **What is the difference between raster and vector?**
*
**My hope is that you will be the awesome teachers that video record concerts with 3 or more cameras plus a set of stereo microphones (one camera in the back of the hall is boring!). I have provided you with tips for shooting with 3 cameras and tips to tell parents you may ask to run cameras (hold a shot for 10sec., etc.). Read through these tips and gain an understanding for the use of 3 cameras (especially since we cannot try this out in person), then complete the assignment using demo files I've provided.**
### General tips
* đź‘Ź visually clap (slate) three times to assist in later synching audio and video
* get performers’ permission and you may need a synchronization license
* use tripods (holding the camera with your hand is too shaky)
* use only optical zoom (don’t use digital zoom); buy camera with 20x or more optical zoom
* never stop recording on any of the cameras so aligning camera footage is easy
* ⏱hold a shot for at least 10 seconds
* don’t shoot like spraying a garden hose = zoom/pan only between shots
### Editing Software Suggestions
* ​[DaVinci Resolve (Links to an external site.)](https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve/) by BlackMagicDesign (free ) - [training for DaVinci Resolve (Links to an external site.)](https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve/training)​
* [Shotcut](https://shotcut.org/) (open source) for "slow computers"
* Adobe Premiere ($$) - [video tutorials for Adobe Premiere (Links to an external site.)](https://helpx.adobe.com/in/premiere-pro/tutorials.html)​
### Recording the Concert
**Camera settings**
* use a separate audio recorder from the camera (cameras have bad microphones)
* uncompressed (AIFF, WAV) 48kHz sample rate for audio
* ​[frame rate (Links to an external site.)](https://www.diyphotography.net/learn-choose-best-frame-rate-videos-just-10-minutes/) = 24fps gives the “film” look (high frame rates can create smooth slow motion)
* MP4 and MOV are easy to work with (AVCHD can produce higher quality)
* white balance = set the same for all cameras (custom white balance is best)
* easiest = use preset (such as “tungsten”)
* ​[develop understanding of (Links to an external site.)](https://bit.ly/2QUMq26): [shutter speed (Links to an external site.)](https://bit.ly/2WR9Itu) vs. [frame rate (Links to an external site.)](https://vimeo.com/blog/post/frame-rate-vs-shutter-speed-setting-the-record-str), [ISO (“gain”) (Links to an external site.)](https://bit.ly/3auzxns), and [aperture (Links to an external site.)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/jaredpolin/sets/72157626710263148/) ([f-stop (Links to an external site.)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/vox/5367295420/))
* ​[exposuretool.com (Links to an external site.)](http://exposuretool.com/)​
* Don’t put all your eggs in one basket: use more than one camera!
**Typical 3 camera setup:**
* Cam1 = “Safety” = fixed, wide angle camera that gets everything (turn off autofocus)
* Cam2 = manned camera hunting for medium & close up shots of performer(s)
* Cam3 = manned camera hunting for medium & close up shots of performer(s) AND b-roll footage = timeless reaction shots (of the audience, for example)
**Composition**
* use rule of thirds (turn on grid)
* use lead space = space in front of where subject is facing
* avoid placing your frame edge on one of the body’s joints
* avoid too much headroom (or person looks to be sinking)
* avoid too little headroom (or focus will be on the person’s chin and neck)
* use a variety of [Shot types (Links to an external site.)](https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultimate-guide-to-camera-shots/) (hold a shot for at least 10 seconds)
* extreme long shot (XLS) = establishing shot - context for shots to follow
* long shot (LS) = person from head to feet
* medium shot (MS) = person from about waist up
* closeup shot (CU) = person’s neck and head
* extreme closeup shot (XCU) = one detail of a person
* cut in = closeup shot of an object (such as the face of a watch or an instrument key)
* more shot types =
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